The fact is that high currents increase the pressure on the electricity grid, while lower currents make a valuable contribution to the stability of the grid. Some energy is getting lost while running through the charging cable. This is a matter of resistance. The shorter the charging cable is, the lower the power loss. Why?
According to the ADAC, you can lose between 10 and 25% of the total amount of energy charged. Quite a number, huh? And the thing is, you normally cannot avoid it - the energy simply gets lost on the way to your vehicle. But why is that? And what can you do to minimise energy loss when charging the battery? Let’s see!
As electricity flows through charging cables and your EV’s internal circuits, it encounters resistance—a natural property of conductive materials. This resistance converts some energy into heat rather than storing it in the battery. The longer or lower quality the cable, the more heat is generated, leading to greater energy loss.
While the battery chemistry plays a significant role in the rate at which an EV charges, heat transfer is another force. Any wire has resistance. When an electric current flows through a wire, some energy will be lost as heat. The more current, the more heat generation. When DC-charging a battery pack, the cells will likewise begin to heat up.
Therefore, the charging rate will be reduced. Conversely, a cold ambient temperature can result in a reduced charge rate as well. The colder the battery, the more viscous the electrolyte (the liquid between the cathode and anode) will be. If the electrolyte is warmer, it'll be easier for particles to flow throughout.
Sometimes the battery management system can't quite handle the thermal load. Sometimes charging can also be limited by specific components, like the battery cells or insufficient high-voltage cabling. The battery cells may have poor insulation, so they get hot quickly.
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