Leaching of cobalt from LiCoO 2 is mainly driven by reducing cobalt (III) in LiCoO 2 to cobalt (II) via adding reducing agents. In this work, a green, cheap and safe approach is proposed by using a choline chloride–citric acid deep-eutectic solvent (DES) as lixiviant. Aluminium and copper were evaluated as reducing agents for cobalt (III).
In short, the recovery of cobalt and lithium from Li-ion batteries and the synthesis of LiCoO 2 are conducted in two individual systems and harmful chemicals or high temperatures or pressures are usually used. A more environmentally benign, shorter, and easier process is still urgently needed.
This research presented the impacts of mechanochemical activation (MCA) on the physiochemical properties of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) powders of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries, and analyzed the relevant effects of these changes on the leaching efficiency of lithium and cobalt and the leaching kinetics of LiCoO 2 powders.
A maximum of 89% of Co was leached by glycine from LiBs. Co was selectively recovered using oxalic acid as precipitating agent. More than 88% of soluble Co can be recovered as Co-oxalate precipitate. The main aim of this work was to test the ability of an amino acid (i.e. glycine) to leach cobalt from Li ion batteries (LiBs).
The efficiency of cobalt (II) and lithium (I) leaching decreased slightly with increasing solid-to-liquid ratios until a leaching efficiency of ca. 90% at 100 g L −1, while copper (I / II) leaching decreased dramatically at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 100 g L −1 due to precipitation.
Therefore, research using organic acid systems for efficient recovery spent LIBs has become a new research focus. 21,22 Table 1 summarizes the different leaching systems for recovering metals from spent lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries in recent years.
Conclusions and recommendations The results of this study show that the critical metal (Co) can be leached and recovered from the end-of-life lithium ion batteries (LiBs). The spent LiBs contain a substantial concentration of critical metals like Co and Li.
Leaching of cobalt from LiCoO 2 is mainly driven by reducing cobalt (III) in LiCoO 2 to cobalt (II) via adding reducing agents. In this work, a green, cheap and safe approach is proposed by using a choline chloride–citric acid deep-eutectic solvent (DES) as lixiviant. Aluminium and copper were evaluated as reducing agents for cobalt (III).
Lithium ion batteries, which use lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) as the cathode material, are widely used as a power source in mobile phones, laptops, video cameras and other electronic devices. In Li-ion batteries, cobalt constitutes to about 5–10% (w/w), much higher than its availability in ore. Therefore, lithium ion batteries are a potential source for cobalt recovery Xin et al., 2009 ...
Under the action of electric current, Li CoO 2 in the raw material was leached out in the anode region, then the leached lithium and cobalt ions transported to the cathode region and re-synthesized to Li CoO 2 with a state of suspended granulate. The whole process was performed under air atmosphere and atmospheric pressure. The resultant ...
In this work, an aqueous mixture of glycolic and lactic acid is shown as an excellent leaching agent to recover these critical metals from spent Li-ion laptop batteries combined with cathode and anode coatings without …
In this work, a hydrometallurgical process based on leaching is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Citric acid and hydrogen peroxide are introduced as leaching reagents and the leaching of cobalt and lithium with a soln. contg. C6H8O7·H2O is investigated. When both C6H8O7·H2O and H2O2 are used an ...
Novel green DES system for efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs. Optimum conditions yielded over 93% leaching efficiencies for Ni, Co, Mn and Li. DFT analysis revealed the binding strength of DES-metal ions: Co > Ni > Mn. Elucidated efficient coordination mechanism for the extraction of metal ions.
There is great economic and environmental value in recovering valuable metal ions from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A novel method that employs organic acid recovery using citric acid and salicylic acid was used to enhance the leaching of metal ions …
For lithium cobalt (III) oxide batteries, the leaching efficiency reached 100% for lithium and 92.19% for cobalt at 90 °C within 6 hours. For ternary lithium batteries, the leaching efficiencies ...
The main aim of this work was to test the ability of an amino acid (i.e. glycine) to leach cobalt from Li ion batteries (LiBs). The process parameters namely temperature, pulp density and concentration of glycine were optimized for maximizing the leaching efficiency of cobalt from the cathodic material. Response surface methodology (RSM) was ...
LiCoO 2 is still the most extensively used cathode material in Li-ion battery for portable electronics currently. The increasing usage of electronics has resulted in the growing discard of LiCoO 2 with the stream of its spent battery. Current recycling approaches for LiCoO 2 from spent batteries are dominantly based on hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, which …
In this work, a hydrometallurgical process based on leaching is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Citric acid and hydrogen peroxide are introduced as leaching reagents and the …
An efficient sequential mechanochemical activation and complexation leaching for enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries was explored. The cathode material of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) was firstly ground in a planetary ball mill, and then diluted into an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leaching …
research focus.21,22 Table 1 summarizes the different leaching systems for recovering metals from spent lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries in recent years. Based on the current research, a new mixed organic acid of citric acid and salicylic acid is proposed to recover valuable metal ions from spent LIBs, with H 2O 2 used as the reducing
The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles necessitates end-of-life recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This paper guides the optimization and scale-up of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based coupled leaching- and …
In this work, an aqueous mixture of glycolic and lactic acid is shown as an excellent leaching agent to recover these critical metals from spent Li-ion laptop batteries combined with cathode and anode coatings without adding hydrogen peroxide or …
A new ternary deep eutectic solvents, consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and benzoic acid, were designed for efficient leaching of valuable metals from lithium oxide of spent lithium-ion batteries. The influence of experiment parameters on the leaching of cobalt was systematically investigated and optimized by response surface methodology. The …
This research presented the impacts of mechanochemical activation (MCA) on the physiochemical properties of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) powders of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries, and analyzed …
A new ternary deep eutectic solvents, consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and benzoic acid, were designed for efficient leaching of valuable metals from lithium …
The word lithium-ion battery is commonly used for a battery containing lithium metal, ... shows the dissolution of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) as a source of lithium in LIBs. Moreover, Eq. (7) represents the release of Li under the influence of the energy sources and the products of bacterial activity, Fe 3+ and H 2 SO 4 (Wu et al., 2019; Zeng et al., 2012). (6) 4 L i …
To increase the degree of cobalt (Co) extraction, the process of the cathode material leaching was performed in a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution containing sulfur dioxide (SO2) as a reducing agent. To provide a high resolution of the obtained results, frequent monitoring of Co concentrations in leached solution was conducted using an ultraviolet–visible …
Recycling cathodic materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial not just for the environmental aspects but also for the supply of precious raw materials such as cobalt and lithium. As a result, developing a leaching process with low acid consumption, cost-effectiveness, low environmental impact, and high metal recovery is essential. In this article, …
Under the action of electric current, Li CoO 2 in the raw material was leached out in the anode region, then the leached lithium and cobalt ions transported to the cathode region …
These batteries generally use lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) as cathode electrode coating material, together with a graphite or lithiated graphite as the anode. Furthermore, these mobile device batteries can offer high energy density. However, these batteries offer a shorter life span in comparison to Li-ion batteries used in automobiles 1,2]. …
A new ternary deep eutectic solvents, consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and benzoic acid, were designed for efficient leaching of valuable metals from lithium oxide of spent lithium-ion batteries. The influence of experiment parameters on the leaching of cobalt was systematically investigated and optimized by response surface ...
Leaching of cobalt from LiCoO 2 is mainly driven by reducing cobalt (III) in LiCoO 2 to cobalt (II) via adding reducing agents. In this work, a green, cheap and safe approach is proposed by using a choline chloride–citric acid deep-eutectic …
The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles necessitates end-of-life recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This paper guides the optimization and scale-up of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based coupled leaching- and electrodeposition processes for the selective recovery of cobalt from spent LIBs and demonstrates near-total recovery of ...
Novel green DES system for efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs. Optimum conditions yielded over 93% leaching efficiencies for Ni, Co, Mn and Li. DFT …
This research presented the impacts of mechanochemical activation (MCA) on the physiochemical properties of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) powders of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries, and analyzed the relevant effects of these changes on the leaching efficiency of lithium and cobalt and the leaching kinetics of ...
There is great economic and environmental value in recovering valuable metal ions from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A novel method that employs organic acid recovery using citric acid and salicylic acid was used to enhance the …
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