The results indicated that the recycling process has a lower environmental impact in four categories (climate change, acidification, freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity) when compared to primary production of battery metals.
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to identify life cycle activities with significant impact, the influence of different recycling rates and different time boundaries for emissions of landfilled metals.
Nickel-cadmium batteries do not pose significant harm during use. However, the human health and environmental issues associated with nickel-cadmium batteries mainly arise from the ultimate disposal of the spent batteries. In general, occupational exposures to and manufacturing wastes and emissions from nickel, cadmium, cobalt and other materials in NiCd battery production are well regulated and controlled.
The primary energy requirement for using recycled nickel and cadmium is less than 75% and 46%, respectively, as compared to mining, extracting, and refining the virgin material which saves tons of emission that blow into the atmosphere (Petranikova et al. 2017; Rydh and Karlstrom 2002).
The ever-looming increase in e-waste demands a higher attention to the detection and quantification of potential contaminants and their disruptive effects. For batteries, a number of pollutive agents has been already identified on consolidated manufacturing trends, including lead, cadmium, lithium, and other heavy metals.
Table 1. Current and emerging contaminants found on batteries and their ecotoxicological effects. Intake by ingestion of contaminated food crops. Accumulation in the human body may cause kidney diseases Carcinogenic effects. Adverse effects on biomass and on physiological activity in crops.
In the United States, Kinsbursky Brothers of Anaheim, California and INMETCO in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania are the two consolidation points for collected NiCd batteries and INMETCO is also the NiCd battery recycler.
The results indicated that the recycling process has a lower environmental impact in four categories (climate change, acidification, freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity) when compared to primary production of battery metals.
The results indicated that the recycling process has a lower environmental impact in four categories (climate change, acidification, freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity) when compared to primary production of …
Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate . Article PDF Available. Recycling of spent nickel-cadmium battery using a thermal separation ...
The human health and environmental issues associated with nickel-cadmium batteries arise mainly from the ultimate disposal of the spent batteries. In general, occupational exposures to and manufacturing wastes and emissions from nickel, cadmium, cobalt and other materials in NiCd battery production are well regulated and controlled ...
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to …
evaluating various policy options to reduce the environmental impact and human exposure to cadmium associated with these batteries with a potential to withdraw the current exemption in …
This mini review aims to integrate currently reported and emerging contaminants present on batteries, their potential environmental impact, and current strategies for their detection as evidence for policy and regulation.
Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-indicator 99 method, a LCA model was applied to conduct environmental impact and end-of-life treatment policy analysis …
The recycling of heavy metals contained in alkaline batteries allows minimizing the environmental impact and gives an alternative use to this waste, which can be used in the pyrometallurgical ...
Batteries come in various types, including alkaline, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, and lead-acid, each with distinct chemical compositions. Common elements found in batteries include: Lead; Cadmium; Mercury; Nickel; Lithium; These elements are hazardous and can cause severe environmental damage when batteries are disposed of incorrectly.
Purpose This paper will give an overview of LCA studies on lead metal production and use recently conducted by the International Lead Association. Methods The lead industry, through the International Lead Association (ILA), has recently completed three life cycle studies to assess the environmental impact of lead metal production and two of the products …
evaluating various policy options to reduce the environmental impact and human exposure to cadmium associated with these batteries with a potential to withdraw the current exemption in the Batteries Directive
Battery metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, lithium, manganese and zinc, as well as acidic or alkaline electrolytes, may have adverse human health and environmental effects. The …
battery waste, foster innovation in recycling processes, and inform policymakers, industry. stakeholders, and researchers on the potential pathways to a circular economy for batteries. 2. Overview ...
The aim of this study was to assess the environmental effects of recycling portable NiCd batteries in Sweden and to identify life cycle activities with significant potential …
The human health and environmental issues associated with nickel-cadmium batteries arise mainly from the ultimate disposal of the spent batteries. In general, occupational exposures to and manufacturing wastes …
Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-indicator 99 method, a LCA model was applied to conduct environmental impact and end-of-life treatment policy analysis for secondary batteries. This model evaluated the cycle, recycle and waste treatment stages of secondary batteries.
Nickel-cadmium batteries are imperative in numerous objects, especially those requiring high electricity, prolonged lifecycles, and super low- or high-temperatures operation. Essential nonrechargeable batteries can be replaced by rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries. In this way, we can decrease the waste considerably. The recyclable materials of Ni-Cd batteries can be …
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment GoV – Government of Vanuatu IPP - Indigenous Peoples Plan ISDS - Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet LAB – Lead Acid Battery Ni-Cad – Nickel Cadmium Battery NERM – National Energy Roadmap OP – Operational Policy POM – Project Operations Manual PV – Photovoltaic
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to identify life...
Targets are defined for three groups of batteries: lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and all other batteries (''general''). Producers of batteries and of products incorporating batteries are responsible for the management of the waste generated by the batteries they place on the market (''extended producer responsibility''). 2. PREPARATION OF THE REPORT
Battery metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, lithium, manganese and zinc, as well as acidic or alkaline electrolytes, may have adverse human health and environmental effects. The specific forms of these materials as well as the relative amounts present will establish the risks associated with ...
The aim of this study was to assess the environmental effects of recycling portable NiCd batteries in Sweden and to identify life cycle activities with significant potential environmental impact. The sensitivity of the NiCd battery system has been evaluated by varying recycling rates and emission factors for landfilled metals ...
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to identify life cycle activities with significant impact, the influence of different recycling rates and different time boundaries for emissions of landfilled metals ...
Overview Approximately 86 per cent of the total global consumption of lead is for the production of lead-acid batteries, mainly used in motorized vehicles, storage of energy generated by photovoltaic cells and wind turbines, and for back-up power supplies (ILA, 2019). The increasing demand for motor vehicles as countries undergo economic development and …
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to identify life cycle activities with significant impact, the influence of different recycling rates and different time boundaries for emissions of landfilled metals. Excluding the user phase of the battery, …
In this study, the environmental impact of recycling portable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries in Sweden is evaluated. A life cycle assessment approach was used to identify life cycle activities ...
Targets are defined for three groups of batteries: lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and all other batteries (''general''). Producers of batteries and of products incorporating batteries are responsible for …
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